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Many include AI features, and most go completely unnoticed. Push gives you full visibility into every extension used across your workforce, across major browsers, so you can uncover shadow IT, assess risky permissions, and block unsafe tools before they lead to compromise.\u003C/p>",[469,471,473],{"item":470},"Discover every browser extension in use",{"item":472},"Spot risky or unsanctioned behavior",{"item":474},"Make informed decisions on extension policy","https://cdn.builder.io/o/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fc538aad95d7f403aa3c3551af72f67c0?alt=media&token=1411fa6d-2eac-4e6c-94bf-ea117da12d67&apiKey=f3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05",{"large":477},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"backgroundColor":342},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":479,"meta":480,"component":481,"responsiveStyles":483},"builder-fb89d128c64e47cf9cbb11d90fc24523",{"previousId":344},{"name":346,"options":482,"isRSC":118},{"AllPartners":41,"backgroundTransparent":6},{"large":484},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"backgroundColor":350},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":486,"meta":487,"component":488,"responsiveStyles":490},"builder-54388d35126c4d0096eeebaf8c4448cd",{"previousId":352},{"name":354,"options":489,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":41},{"large":491},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"layerName":359,"id":493,"component":494,"responsiveStyles":499},"builder-3c8fa6785dd6466abf52a2470d66d85a",{"name":359,"tag":359,"options":495,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"maxTextWidth":364,"title":496,"description":497,"image":498,"reverse":6},"\u003Ch2>Take control of browser extensions\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Attackers are increasingly using malicious browser extensions to gain access to data processed and stored in the browser. And the problem is, most security teams have no visibility into what extensions are being used. Push changes that. With browser-native telemetry, the Push extension continuously inventories browser extensions across your environment, flags the risky ones, and gives you intelligence to act. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F0a004f16a6874f4c8fdf14344acc9fec",{"large":500},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":502,"meta":503,"component":504,"responsiveStyles":509},"builder-93738f98109a4009affb349afd7bb182",{"previousId":371},{"name":373,"options":505,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":376,"title":506,"description":507,"reverse":41,"image":508},"\u003Ch2>Discover every extension in use\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Push gives you structured, searchable data about every extension in your environment, so you’re not just seeing what’s there, but also understanding how it got there, what it can do, and who it affects. It’s the kind of granular insight that’s nearly impossible to get from traditional tools, and it lays the groundwork for better policy decisions and faster investigations.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F0e5727ca99474f14b1b7916bf6bbb782",{"large":510},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"fontFamily":382,"paddingTop":383,"marginTop":384},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":512,"meta":513,"component":514,"responsiveStyles":519},"builder-83393acb12ee4fdd840839185b51edb4",{"previousId":386},{"name":373,"options":515,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":389,"title":516,"description":517,"reverse":6,"image":518},"\u003Ch2>Spot risky or malicious extensions\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Push highlights extensions with dangerous permissions, broad access, or poor reputations. This includes AI extensions that request access far beyond what their stated purpose requires. You can quickly detect sideloaded, manually installed, or development-mode extensions that bypass normal controls. And because Push shows you who’s using them and where, you can respond precisely and effectively.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fa104d58c8da34fbb8901f738fb21453b",{"large":520},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"paddingTop":395},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"layerName":373,"id":522,"meta":523,"component":524,"responsiveStyles":529},"builder-da98e3de949646d89c53a0d1c2784664",{"previousId":397},{"name":373,"options":525,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":400,"title":526,"description":527,"reverse":41,"image":528},"\u003Ch2>Accelerate security reviews\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Most teams have extension policies, they just don’t have the data to enforce them. Push reveals how each extension entered your environment, whether it was installed manually, sideloaded, or deployed in dev mode. You’ll see which users are running what, and where, so you can surface violations, investigate quickly, and respond with confidence.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F229f355be6f243b180f410d237a75bb3",{"large":530},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"paddingTop":406},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":532,"meta":533,"component":534,"responsiveStyles":536},"builder-1a689287d1a1418997d57db578a71105",{"previousId":408},{"name":354,"options":535,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6},{"large":537},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":539,"component":540,"responsiveStyles":542},"builder-feb4e75029f84c10b6498ef1f8f79128",{"name":416,"tag":416,"options":541,"isRSC":118},{"sectionHeading":37,"customClass":418},{"large":543},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"id":545,"@type":106,"tagName":131,"properties":546,"responsiveStyles":547},"builder-pixel-0edn39avfcei",{"src":133,"aria-hidden":134,"alt":37,"role":135,"width":124,"height":124},{"large":548},{"height":124,"width":124,"display":138,"opacity":124,"overflow":139,"pointerEvents":140},{"deviceSize":142,"location":550},{"path":37,"query":551},{},{},1776275365038,1757000441666,"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F8d496cf111644ee5afcc046b72d1ca5a",[],{"kind":438,"winningTest":118,"breakpoints":558,"lastPreviewUrl":559,"hasLinks":6,"originalContentId":259,"hasAutosaves":6},{"xsmall":57,"small":39,"medium":40},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/browser-extension-security?builder.space=f3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05&builder.user.permissions=read%2Ccreate%2Cpublish%2CeditDesigns%2CeditLayouts%2CeditLayers%2CeditContentPriority%2CeditFolders%2CcreateProjects%2CsendPullRequests&builder.user.role.name=Designer&builder.user.role.id=creator&builder.cachebust=true&builder.preview=use-case-page&builder.noCache=true&builder.allowTextEdit=true&__builder_editing__=true&builder.overrides.use-case-page=54f8256648f54d439303734b1e69221b&builder.overrides.54f8256648f54d439303734b1e69221b=54f8256648f54d439303734b1e69221b&builder.overrides.use-case-page:/uc/browser-extension-security=54f8256648f54d439303734b1e69221b&builder.options.locale=Default",{"createdDate":561,"id":562,"name":563,"modelId":261,"published":13,"query":564,"data":567,"variations":670,"lastUpdated":671,"firstPublished":672,"testRatio":33,"screenshot":673,"createdBy":34,"lastUpdatedBy":674,"folders":675,"meta":676,"rev":440},1744923509705,"94bebb7bb99d48629ad157e80cf4d81d","Account takeover detection",[565],{"@type":264,"property":265,"operator":266,"value":566},"/uc/account-takeover-detection",{"title":563,"customFonts":568,"jsCode":37,"seoTitle":563,"seoDescription":573,"fontAwesomeIcon":574,"tsCode":37,"blocks":575,"url":566,"state":667},[569],{"kind":273,"category":295,"variants":570,"menu":296,"files":571,"family":272,"subsets":572,"version":274,"lastModified":275},[301,302,303,304,305,306,128,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317],{"100":277,"200":278,"300":279,"500":280,"600":281,"700":282,"800":283,"900":284,"300italic":293,"500italic":292,"800italic":285,"700italic":287,"italic":289,"900italic":286,"600italic":294,"200italic":291,"regular":290,"100italic":288},[298,299],"Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","faUserSecret",[576,662],{"@type":106,"@version":107,"tagName":323,"id":577,"meta":578,"children":579},"builder-e7913a774cae44c5a23d6081c5c30a52",{"previousId":324},[580,596,603,610,619,629,639,649,656],{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":581,"meta":582,"component":583,"responsiveStyles":594},"builder-f1f1ab1601bc4c0f8c2a8aafd173675d",{"previousId":328},{"name":327,"options":584,"isRSC":118},{"title":563,"description":585,"points":586,"video":593},"\u003Cp>Attackers don’t need to phish, they just need a password that works. Push monitors for signs of credential-based attacks in real time, directly in the browser, catching account takeover attempts before the damage spreads. From ghost logins to credential stuffing, Push cuts off the paths attackers use to quietly slip in the back door.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",[587,589,591],{"item":588},"Identify credential-based ATO as it unfolds",{"item":590},"Surface hijacked sessions and token misuse",{"item":592},"Strengthen authentication where your IdP can’t","https://cdn.builder.io/o/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb4dd9db24bc9495b8a686b1b4d492016%2Fcompressed?apiKey=f3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05&token=b4dd9db24bc9495b8a686b1b4d492016&alt=media&optimized=true",{"large":595},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"backgroundColor":342},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":597,"meta":598,"component":599,"responsiveStyles":601},"builder-0bc0d1c78ece4994993c3a6427a4d533",{"previousId":344},{"name":346,"options":600,"isRSC":118},{"AllPartners":41,"backgroundTransparent":6},{"large":602},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"backgroundColor":350},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":604,"meta":605,"component":606,"responsiveStyles":608},"builder-e45de8f3768c4f16938dbf78e4e87524",{"previousId":352},{"name":354,"options":607,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":41},{"large":609},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":611,"component":612,"responsiveStyles":617},"builder-c98e8bfd341146c1b67c02d5698ff093",{"name":359,"tag":359,"options":613,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"maxTextWidth":364,"title":614,"description":615,"image":616,"reverse":6},"\u003Ch2>Assume less. See more.\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Most account takeovers don’t start with a breach, they start with a login. Whether it’s a reused password, a local account, or an outdated login flow, Push shows you how accounts are actually accessed day to day, not just how policies say they should be. That means no more blind spots around ghost logins, bypassed SSO, or stale access paths that quietly persist.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F18630ad2746d4eb7b7fcc0428b11a8f0",{"large":618},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":620,"meta":621,"component":622,"responsiveStyles":627},"builder-55c1fc38ddc04fd1a0d6a8e2fb819e00",{"previousId":371},{"name":373,"options":623,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":376,"title":624,"description":625,"reverse":41,"image":626},"\u003Ch2>Catch stolen credential use in real time\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Push monitors login activity directly in the browser to detect signs of credential-based attacks like leaked password use or suspicious login flows. By analyzing attacker TTPs instead of relying on known indicators, Push spots credential stuffing and account takeover attempts the moment they begin, not after they’ve succeeded.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F52b0123cac2c4dfdb1dc0af6adf9d603",{"large":628},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"fontFamily":382,"paddingTop":384,"marginTop":384},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":630,"meta":631,"component":632,"responsiveStyles":637},"builder-dfb31737b30948c6b95323655d571a50",{"previousId":386},{"name":373,"options":633,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":389,"title":634,"description":635,"reverse":6,"image":636},"\u003Ch2>Detect session hijacks and stealth access\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Attackers don’t always need a login screen, they often sidestep it entirely using stolen session tokens. 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It’s faster, more effective, and actually gets results.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fee8b75d13e45488aba55434a8b49ebb0",{"large":767},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"paddingTop":406},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":769,"meta":770,"component":771,"responsiveStyles":773},"builder-976bc222cd7647ff905f1e01cfedc453",{"previousId":650},{"name":354,"options":772,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6},{"large":774},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":776,"component":777,"responsiveStyles":779},"builder-8c47ec2fd0f74382bb3e6c870555632c",{"name":416,"tag":416,"options":778,"isRSC":118},{"sectionHeading":37,"customClass":418},{"large":780},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"id":782,"@type":106,"tagName":131,"properties":783,"responsiveStyles":784},"builder-pixel-7akm7dayau8",{"src":133,"aria-hidden":134,"alt":37,"role":135,"width":124,"height":124},{"large":785},{"height":124,"width":124,"display":138,"opacity":124,"overflow":139,"pointerEvents":140},{"deviceSize":142,"location":787},{"path":37,"query":788},{},{},1770892844854,1745499166112,"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F6ca12bf728a045f1a31d40c0beb3bfe5",[],{"kind":438,"lastPreviewUrl":795,"breakpoints":796,"hasLinks":6,"originalContentId":562,"winningTest":118,"hasAutosaves":6},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/attack-path-hardening?builder.space=f3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05&builder.user.permissions=read%2Ccreate%2Cpublish%2CeditCode%2CeditDesigns%2CeditLayouts%2CeditLayers%2CeditContentPriority%2CeditFolders%2CeditProjects%2CmodifyMcpServers%2CmodifyWorkflowIntegrations%2CmodifyProjectSettings%2CconnectCodeRepository%2CcreateProjects%2CindexDesignSystems%2CsendPullRequests&builder.user.role.name=Developer&builder.user.role.id=developer&builder.cachebust=true&builder.preview=use-case-page&builder.noCache=true&builder.allowTextEdit=true&__builder_editing__=true&builder.overrides.use-case-page=23eb48fb56d3451cab77cb6ed140ee6d&builder.overrides.23eb48fb56d3451cab77cb6ed140ee6d=23eb48fb56d3451cab77cb6ed140ee6d&builder.overrides.use-case-page:/uc/attack-path-hardening=23eb48fb56d3451cab77cb6ed140ee6d&builder.options.includeRefs=true&builder.options.enrich=true&builder.options.locale=Default",{"xsmall":57,"small":39,"medium":40},{"createdDate":798,"id":799,"name":800,"modelId":261,"published":13,"query":801,"data":804,"variations":909,"lastUpdated":910,"firstPublished":911,"testRatio":33,"screenshot":912,"createdBy":34,"lastUpdatedBy":674,"folders":913,"meta":914,"rev":440},1761675020232,"ea4f309d2ffe46c5aa97ebf0fda4e2e3","ClickFix Protection",[802],{"@type":264,"property":265,"operator":266,"value":803},"/uc/clickfix-protection",{"seoDescription":805,"fontAwesomeIcon":806,"customFonts":807,"seoTitle":812,"jsCode":37,"tsCode":37,"title":812,"blocks":813,"url":803,"state":906},"Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","faLaptopCode",[808],{"files":809,"subsets":810,"menu":296,"version":274,"kind":273,"family":272,"lastModified":275,"variants":811,"category":295},{"100":277,"200":278,"300":279,"500":280,"600":281,"700":282,"800":283,"900":284,"200italic":291,"800italic":285,"700italic":287,"600italic":294,"100italic":288,"italic":289,"regular":290,"300italic":293,"500italic":292,"900italic":286},[298,299],[301,302,303,304,305,306,128,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317],"ClickFix protection",[814,901],{"@type":106,"@version":107,"tagName":323,"id":815,"meta":816,"children":817},"builder-d7eefdde0f2a4b2b9de3dcb2978fd6cb",{"previousId":696},[818,834,841,848,858,868,878,888,895],{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":819,"meta":820,"component":821,"responsiveStyles":832},"builder-56e2c54bcce040a4af8b92ae03706c12",{"previousId":700},{"name":327,"options":822,"isRSC":118},{"title":812,"description":823,"points":824,"image":831},"\u003Cp>ClickFix attacks are one of the fastest-growing threats, tricking users into copying malicious code from a webpage and running it locally. 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EDR only sees the payload after it runs, and network tools see only part of the picture.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F98b2f7e08dec4eafaf8e24937605b8cf",{"large":857},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":859,"meta":860,"component":861,"responsiveStyles":866},"builder-7d21b8aab8064c40b1e5dd23c4749309",{"previousId":739},{"name":373,"options":862,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":376,"title":863,"description":864,"reverse":41,"image":865},"\u003Ch2>Discover lures at the source\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Push inspects page behavior to identify ClickFix attacks as they happen. By inspecting the page, its structure, and how the user interacts with it, Push can detect and block these in-browser threats in real time. This deep, TTP-based inspection spots the trap even on novel pages that are built to bypass traditional web filters and blocklists.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F665bf47e01544c75bf9ddafd3917927b",{"large":867},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"fontFamily":382,"paddingTop":383,"marginTop":384},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":869,"meta":870,"component":871,"responsiveStyles":876},"builder-fb91943adf6149259ed9e1e6566c9afe",{"previousId":749},{"name":373,"options":872,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":389,"title":873,"description":874,"reverse":6,"image":875},"\u003Ch2>Block the malicious action\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>When Push detects a malicious script, it intercepts the user's action and blocks the code from being copied to the clipboard. The user is protected, the attack is stopped, and no malicious code ever reaches the endpoint. 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",[1168],{"variants":1169,"category":295,"files":1170,"subsets":1171,"family":272,"kind":273,"menu":296,"lastModified":275,"version":274},[301,302,303,304,305,306,128,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317],{"100":277,"200":278,"300":279,"500":280,"600":281,"700":282,"800":283,"900":284,"800italic":285,"regular":290,"700italic":287,"200italic":291,"italic":289,"500italic":292,"600italic":294,"300italic":293,"100italic":288,"900italic":286},[298,299],"Secure shadow AI","See and control shadow AI apps in the browser.",[1175,1260],{"@type":106,"@version":107,"tagName":323,"id":1176,"meta":1177,"children":1178},"builder-a6e5717a2c914d5695058e4ee201a05d",{"previousId":1056},[1179,1195,1202,1209,1219,1228,1237,1247,1254],{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":1180,"meta":1181,"component":1182,"responsiveStyles":1193},"builder-3e0ed678683f4a0eb7aa00253cf263b2",{"previousId":1060},{"name":327,"options":1183,"isRSC":118},{"title":1172,"description":1184,"points":1185,"image":1192},"\u003Cp>Your employees are adopting AI faster than you can track it. 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From text generators to meeting assistants and design copilots, employees test, adopt, and connect new tools constantly. Push shows you those tools and which users are accessing them, without relying on network scans or API integrations.\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F30b43bda6f1644c19478fb1efa20050c",{"large":1218},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":1220,"meta":1221,"component":1222,"responsiveStyles":1226},"builder-90ee9cb9afc44e7f885523715bf51a53",{"previousId":1099},{"name":373,"options":1223,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":376,"title":1224,"description":1225,"reverse":41,"image":1115},"\u003Ch2>Discover every AI tool users touch\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>Push captures live telemetry from the browser, identifying every AI-native and AI-enhanced application users access. You’ll know which corporate identities are connected, how data flows, and what new AI apps appear across your environment. \u003C/p>",{"large":1227},{"display":121,"flexDirection":122,"position":123,"flexShrink":124,"boxSizing":125,"fontFamily":382,"paddingTop":384,"marginTop":384},{"@type":106,"@version":107,"id":1229,"meta":1230,"component":1231,"responsiveStyles":1235},"builder-9e44539fa53c4d8e87406036c921fc46",{"previousId":1109},{"name":373,"options":1232,"isRSC":118},{"darkMode":6,"maxWidth":363,"imageMaxWidth":375,"textPaddingTop":389,"title":1233,"description":1234,"reverse":6,"image":1125},"\u003Ch2>Classify and manage AI risk\u003C/h2>","\u003Cp>For apps you choose to allow, Push lets you apply custom in-browser banners. You can bulk-select categories of AI tools and require users to read and acknowledge your acceptable use policy before they proceed. 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Watch a demo of an ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1338,"content":1342},"entry-hyperlink",{"target":1339},{"sys":1340},{"id":1341,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"7DJnckJxP4CXyXhPJJpby5",[1343],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1344,"marks":1345,"data":1346},"EvilNoVNC phishing attack",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1348,"marks":1349,"data":1350}," and you may be left sweating a little and whispering “FIDO2” like a protection spell.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1352,"content":1353},{},[1354,1358,1368],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1355,"marks":1356,"data":1357},"With the widespread adoption of MFA, attackers are ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1359,"content":1363},{"target":1360},{"sys":1361},{"id":1362,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"6XIts2UEnrsJDki8gKDXyI",[1364],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1365,"marks":1366,"data":1367},"increasingly turning",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1369,"marks":1370,"data":1371}," to more sophisticated methods of credential theft as their initial point of entry. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1373,"content":1374},{},[1375,1379,1388],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1376,"marks":1377,"data":1378},"Newer phishing approaches include reverse proxies as well as tools that mimic legitimate login pages by rendering the webpages and then displaying those renders to the unsuspecting end-user. While these tools are not always common knowledge among blue teams, their use is ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1381,"content":1383},"hyperlink",{"uri":1382},"https://www.lab539.com/blog/6-months-tracking-aitm-campaigns",[1384],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1385,"marks":1386,"data":1387},"on the rise",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1389,"marks":1390,"data":1391},", an unsurprising response to the broad use of multi-factor authentication in many organizations.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1393,"content":1394},{},[1395,1399,1408],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1396,"marks":1397,"data":1398},"What sets this generation of ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1400,"content":1403},{"target":1401},{"sys":1402},{"id":1341,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},[1404],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1405,"marks":1406,"data":1407},"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing tools",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1409,"marks":1410,"data":1411}," apart? ",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":1414,"content":1415},"unordered-list",{},[1416,1427],{"nodeType":1417,"data":1418,"content":1419},"list-item",{},[1420],{"nodeType":1294,"data":1421,"content":1422},{},[1423],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1424,"marks":1425,"data":1426},"They act as a proxy between the user and a legitimate web login page, allowing the attacker to bypass MFA and harvest credentials and session tokens.",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":1428,"content":1429},{},[1430],{"nodeType":1294,"data":1431,"content":1432},{},[1433],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1434,"marks":1435,"data":1436},"They give off little scent to end-users, because the end-user is logging into the legitimate site, just by taking a detour via the attacker’s device.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1438,"content":1439},{},[1440],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1441,"marks":1442,"data":1443},"These AitM tools are also difficult to detect — unless you have eyes in the browser.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1445,"content":1446},{},[1447,1451,1461],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1448,"marks":1449,"data":1450},"Powered by the Push browser agent, Push now offers a ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1452,"content":1456},{"target":1453},{"sys":1454},{"id":1455,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[1457],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1458,"marks":1459,"data":1460},"preconfigured set of detections",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1462,"marks":1463,"data":1464}," for phishing tools like Evilginx and others, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1466,"content":1467},{},[1468,1472,1482],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1469,"marks":1470,"data":1471},"While Push already provides strong phishing protection by ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1473,"content":1477},{"target":1474},{"sys":1475},{"id":1476,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"4UtRVoFElDduWJBx9Sa4Cw",[1478],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1479,"marks":1480,"data":1481},"preventing SSO password use",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1483,"marks":1484,"data":1485}," on non-IdP webpages (in other words, it stops you from using your Okta password on any page that isn’t an Okta login page), this new feature allows us to sharpen our anti-phishing capabilities by detecting malware on a site before a user even interacts with the page. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1487,"content":1488},{},[1489],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1490,"marks":1491,"data":1492},"In this article, we’ll describe our approach to detecting these newer phishing tools, including how we’re borrowing techniques from the world of EDR, and how you can combine phishing tool detection with other Push controls for a defense-in-depth strategy that covers both the user and the application sides of the equation.",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":1494,"content":1498},{"target":1495},{"sys":1496},{"id":1497,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"59q6klX2j7ClgUvmix93sG",[],{"nodeType":1500,"data":1501,"content":1502},"heading-1",{},[1503],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1504,"marks":1505,"data":1506},"Taking a page from EDR",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1508,"content":1509},{},[1510],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1511,"marks":1512,"data":1513},"Most phishing prevention solutions rely on lists of known-bad sites as the source of intelligence. These are always going to be a step behind reality because they rely on ever-shifting secondary attributes such as domain names (though we won’t be disabling Chrome Safe Browsing anytime soon, and we’re not trying to replace it).",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1515,"content":1516},{},[1517],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1518,"marks":1519,"data":1520},"As veterans of the EDR world, we’re drawn to think in analogous terms. With detecting AitM phishing tools, that means expanding on the concept of dynamic analysis on the endpoint. EDR allows you to dynamically analyze the behavior of malware live and at scale, rather than focusing on easy-to-change indicators like file hashes or domain names.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1522,"content":1523},{},[1524],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1525,"marks":1526,"data":1527},"Applying this idea to malware that runs in the browser requires a solution that is in the browser, like the Push browser agent.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1529,"content":1530},{},[1531],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1532,"marks":1533,"data":1534},"So we’re expanding the attributes that are traditionally analyzed to spot indicators of compromise (IoCs) beyond domains, file names, file hashes, IP addresses, etc., to also include behavioral attributes of malware that are much harder to change, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1536,"content":1537},{},[1538],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1539,"marks":1540,"data":1541},"By performing behavioral analysis on AitM automated proxy tools, we can directly analyze the application for a precise and immediate identification. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1543,"content":1544},{},[1545],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1546,"marks":1547,"data":1548},"Push researchers are regularly identifying and adding detections for new toolkits — think of this like Push’s database of threat research in action.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":1550,"content":1551},{},[1552],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1553,"marks":1554,"data":1555},"How it works",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1557,"content":1558},{},[1559],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1560,"marks":1561,"data":1562},"If you’re new to Push, a bit of context may be useful. Push uses a browser agent deployed to employee browsers (we support all major browsers) to prevent, detect, and block identity attacks. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1564,"content":1565},{},[1566,1570,1580],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1567,"marks":1568,"data":1569},"By directly observing user behavior at the login event, Push provides broad and actionable context across all the apps your employees are using, how they are accessing them, their MFA methods, and where they’re using insecure and reused passwords. With this context as the foundation, Push enforces your desired ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1571,"content":1575},{"target":1572},{"sys":1573},{"id":1574,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"BtDLgVZRWQ3Ov4WgDQX1W",[1576],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1577,"marks":1578,"data":1579},"security controls",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1581,"marks":1582,"data":1583},", including preventing SSO password reuse, blocking malicious websites, or steering employees to approved apps only.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1585,"content":1586},{},[1587],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1588,"marks":1589,"data":1590},"Once configured by an administrator, phishing tool detection will immediately check for the fingerprints of these toolkits as end-users visit websites and then display your custom warn or block message. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":1592,"content":1596},{"target":1593},{"sys":1594},{"id":1595,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"1LdHJjTDlOiie5mctbAVvZ",[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":1598,"content":1599},{},[1600,1604,1610,1614,1619],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1601,"marks":1602,"data":1603},"In ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1605,"marks":1606,"data":1609},"Block",[1607],{"type":1608},"bold",{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1611,"marks":1612,"data":1613}," mode, users cannot proceed to the site where malicious software has been detected. In ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1615,"marks":1616,"data":1618},"Warn",[1617],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1620,"marks":1621,"data":1622}," mode, users can choose to proceed if they are sure it’s not a phishing site.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1624,"content":1625},{},[1626],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1627,"marks":1628,"data":1629},"In both cases, users do not need to interact with a page (by typing, clicking, etc.) for Push to trigger the custom message. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1631,"content":1632},{},[1633,1637,1645],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1634,"marks":1635,"data":1636},"Administrators can also consume phishing tool detection events via the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1638,"content":1640},{"uri":1639},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/rest-v1/",[1641],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1642,"marks":1643,"data":1644},"Push REST API",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1646,"marks":1647,"data":1648}," into their SIEM or use Push’s webhooks to alert when a warn or block event has occurred.",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":1650,"content":1654},{"target":1651},{"sys":1652},{"id":1653,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"6oAhxLBPVxN3Rcw2kFeVtG",[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":1656,"content":1657},{},[1658,1662,1672],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1659,"marks":1660,"data":1661},"Pairing this phishing detection capability with Push’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":1337,"data":1663,"content":1667},{"target":1664},{"sys":1665},{"id":1666,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[1668],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1669,"marks":1670,"data":1671},"SSO password protection",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1673,"marks":1674,"data":1675}," feature provides a strong defense-in-depth strategy for stopping credential theft.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1677,"content":1678},{},[1679],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1680,"marks":1681,"data":1682},"SSO password protection works by analyzing user behavior — namely, is a user entering their SSO password onto a page that does not belong to the legitimate identity provider.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1684,"content":1685},{},[1686],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1687,"marks":1688,"data":1689},"Phishing tool detection adds in the application-level behavioral analysis. In addition, when Push identifies a new, previously unknown phishing tool in the wild via blocked SSO credential theft, we add its fingerprints to the browser agent’s detective capabilities.  ",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":1691,"content":1692},{},[1693],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1694,"marks":1695,"data":1696},"Looking ahead",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1698,"content":1699},{},[1700],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1701,"marks":1702,"data":1703},"We’re just scratching the surface on this approach and are exploring how Push can identify and block other web-delivered malware and Javascript-based attack types beyond AitM tools. Think HTML smuggling, tabnabbing, and the like.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1705,"content":1706},{},[1707,1711,1719],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1708,"marks":1709,"data":1710},"Got feedback? We’d ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1712,"content":1714},{"uri":1713},"/contact/",[1715],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1716,"marks":1717,"data":1718},"love to talk",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1720,"marks":1721,"data":1722},".",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":1724,"content":1725},{},[1726],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1727,"marks":1728,"data":1729},"Find out more",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1731,"content":1732},{},[1733,1737,1745],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1734,"marks":1735,"data":1736},"To see Push in action, ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1738,"content":1740},{"uri":1739},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[1741],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1742,"marks":1743,"data":1744},"book a demo",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1746,"marks":1747,"data":1748},". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.",[],{},"Introducing AitM phishing toolkit detection, powered by the Push browser agent","Push analyzes behavioral attributes of malware to identify phishing tools like Evilginx and NakedPages and immediately block end-users from visiting them.","2024-06-06T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser",{"items":1754},[1755,1759],{"sys":1756,"name":1758},{"id":1757},"5jk0kqjSdSK2L0YiistQjY","Release notes",{"sys":1760,"name":1305},{"id":1304},{"items":1762},[1763],{"fullName":1764,"firstName":1765,"jobTitle":1766,"profilePicture":1767},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly","Product Team",{"url":1768},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg",{"__typename":1313,"sys":1770,"content":1771,"title":2619,"synopsis":2620,"hashTags":118,"publishedDate":2621,"slug":2622,"tagsCollection":2623,"authorsCollection":2629},{"id":1341},{"json":1772},{"nodeType":1295,"data":1773,"content":1774},{},[1775,1782,1789,1796,1803,1810,1817,1824,1831,1838,1844,1852,1859,1866,1925,1932,1939,1959,1966,1973,1980,2013,2029,2036,2043,2050,2057,2064,2071,2091,2111,2219,2226,2246,2253,2260,2267,2273,2280,2287,2294,2326,2333,2340,2373,2380,2387,2484,2503,2510,2517,2524,2531,2590,2597,2601,2608,2613],{"nodeType":1294,"data":1776,"content":1777},{},[1778],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1779,"marks":1780,"data":1781},"Phishing attacks have always been a go-to technique for both red teamers and real-world threat actors alike. Whether focused on harvesting creds or running malicious payloads, phishing has continued to be adapted to circumvent defenses and has remained highly effective due to this.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1783,"content":1784},{},[1785],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1786,"marks":1787,"data":1788},"As MFA has become more common, classic password harvesting focused phishing attacks have become less effective. Typically, for a full account compromise, an MFA push notification or a one-time passcode (OTP) needs to be entered at the time of login. This means harvesting passwords and using them later is no longer effective alone, because an MFA factor is still required each time a valid login is performed.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1790,"content":1791},{},[1792],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1793,"marks":1794,"data":1795},"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to circumvent MFA protection. In this article, we’re going to look at what AitM phishing is, how it works, and what you can do about it.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":1797,"content":1798},{},[1799],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1800,"marks":1801,"data":1802},"What is AitM phishing?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1804,"content":1805},{},[1806],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1807,"marks":1808,"data":1809},"AitM phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1811,"content":1812},{},[1813],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1814,"marks":1815,"data":1816},"While any login portal can be a target, attackers typically look for SSO login portals such as Microsoft Entra, Okta, or Google Workspace. This allows the target to log in successfully with a legitimate service they use and even continue to interact with it, while providing additional access to connected SSO apps if the attack is successful. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1818,"content":1819},{},[1820],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1821,"marks":1822,"data":1823},"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. This gives the method an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and also take control of the authenticated session to gain control of the user account. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1825,"content":1826},{},[1827],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1828,"marks":1829,"data":1830},"While this access is technically temporary, since the attacker is unable to re-authenticate in future without additional MFA prompts, in practice authenticated sessions can often last as long as 30 days or more if kept active. Additionally, there are a wide range of persistence techniques that allow an attacker to maintain some level of access to the user account and/or targeted application indefinitely. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1832,"content":1833},{},[1834],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1835,"marks":1836,"data":1837},"We’ll revisit this point later, but for now let’s consider the two main techniques that are used to implement AitM phishing: Reverse web proxies and Browser-in-the-Middle techniques.",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":1839,"content":1843},{"target":1840},{"sys":1841},{"id":1842,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"6WEolDcviadCgAW4dCgTPW",[],{"nodeType":1845,"data":1846,"content":1847},"heading-2",{},[1848],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1849,"marks":1850,"data":1851},"Reverse web proxy techniques",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1853,"content":1854},{},[1855],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1856,"marks":1857,"data":1858},"One common AitM phishing approach is to use tooling that acts as a reverse web proxy. For example, let’s say a victim is tricked into visiting a malicious domain. Under the hood, HTTP requests are passed between the victim’s browser and the real site via the malicious site. When the malicious site receives an HTTP request, it forwards this request on to the legitimate site it is impersonating, receives the response, and then forwards that on to the victim. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1860,"content":1861},{},[1862],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1863,"marks":1864,"data":1865},"In practice, there are many technical challenges, such as rewriting all links and references to the impersonated site to ensure everything continues to be sent to the attacker. However, at a high level, it really is just acting as a reverse web proxy.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1867,"content":1868},{},[1869,1873,1883,1887,1896,1900,1909,1913,1922],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1870,"marks":1871,"data":1872},"This is arguably the most scalable and reliable approach from an attacker’s point of view. Open-source tools that demonstrate this method include ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1874,"content":1876},{"uri":1875},"https://github.com/drk1wi/Modlishka",[1877],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1878,"marks":1879,"data":1882},"Modlishka",[1880],{"type":1881},"underline",{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1884,"marks":1885,"data":1886},", ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1888,"content":1890},{"uri":1889},"https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena",[1891],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1892,"marks":1893,"data":1895},"Muraena",[1894],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1897,"marks":1898,"data":1899},", and the ever popular ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1901,"content":1903},{"uri":1902},"https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2",[1904],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1905,"marks":1906,"data":1908},"Evilginx",[1907],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1910,"marks":1911,"data":1912},". In the criminal world, there are also similar private toolsets available that have been used in many breaches in the past. A good example of this would be ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1914,"content":1916},{"uri":1915},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/evilproxy-uses-indeedcom-open-redirect-for-microsoft-365-phishing/",[1917],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1918,"marks":1919,"data":1921},"Evilproxy",[1920],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1720,"marks":1923,"data":1924},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1926,"content":1927},{},[1928],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1929,"marks":1930,"data":1931},"One downside to this approach is that there are controls that can be put in place to block it. For example, application developers can hide obfuscated JavaScript code that will fail if the correct value is not produced, checking that the origin matches the expected (legitimate) domains or contains encrypted tokens including this material sent as part of the login process. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1933,"content":1934},{},[1935],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1936,"marks":1937,"data":1938},"While your average small website is not going to be implementing such checks, major identity providers have a strong vested interest in evolving their defenses to block these techniques. At this point, it’s a cat-and-mouse game. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1940,"content":1941},{},[1942,1946,1955],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1943,"marks":1944,"data":1945},"If you want to know more about this space, then definitely check out ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1947,"content":1949},{"uri":1948},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-Fh4sIdY8c",[1950],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1951,"marks":1952,"data":1954},"Kuba Gretzky’s talk on this at x33fcon",[1953],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1956,"marks":1957,"data":1958},".  ",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":1960,"content":1961},{},[1962],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1963,"marks":1964,"data":1965},"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) techniques ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1967,"content":1968},{},[1969],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1970,"marks":1971,"data":1972},"Another common approach is known as Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM). Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches, much like VNC and RDP. This enables the attacker to harvest not just the username and password, but all other associated secrets and tokens that go along with the login. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1974,"content":1975},{},[1976],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1977,"marks":1978,"data":1979},"In this case, the victim isn’t interacting with a fake website clone or proxy. They are literally remotely controlling the attacker’s browser to log in to the legitimate application without realizing. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards. Thanks very much!",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":1981,"content":1982},{},[1983,1987,1996,2000,2009],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1984,"marks":1985,"data":1986},"Practically speaking, the most common approach for implementing this technique is using the open-source project noVNC, which is a JavaScript-based VNC client that allows VNC to be used in the browser. Probably the most well-known example of an offensive tool implementing this is ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":1988,"content":1990},{"uri":1989},"https://github.com/JoelGMSec/EvilnoVNC",[1991],{"nodeType":1293,"value":1992,"marks":1993,"data":1995},"EvilnoVNC",[1994],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1997,"marks":1998,"data":1999},", which spins up Docker instances of VNC and proxies access to them, while also logging keystrokes and cookies to facilitate account compromise. Tools like ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2001,"content":2003},{"uri":2002},"https://posts.specterops.io/phishing-with-dynamite-7d33d8fac038",[2004],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2005,"marks":2006,"data":2008},"Cuddlephish",[2007],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2010,"marks":2011,"data":2012}," offer similar functionality using WebRTC. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2014,"content":2015},{},[2016,2020,2025],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2017,"marks":2018,"data":2019},"The advantage of this approach is that ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2021,"marks":2022,"data":2024},"it is incredibly difficult for the target websites to do anything to stop it",[2023],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2026,"marks":2027,"data":2028},". From their perspective, all they see is a legitimate browser accessing their website and logging in. None of the JavaScript tricks for checking the origin will work. They aren’t in a position to be able to see that the browser is secretly being controlled remotely by the victim user without their knowledge. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2030,"content":2031},{},[2032],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2033,"marks":2034,"data":2035},"On the downside, while noVNC can be extremely convincing, the illusion can sometimes be broken due to it not behaving exactly like a real website would due it being a graphical rendering. For example, something as simple as resizing the browser window can introduce render resolution issues. It’s also more difficult to scale for attacking large numbers of users than a reverse proxy technique.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2037,"content":2038},{},[2039],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2040,"marks":2041,"data":2042},"Footnote: BitM is not to be confused with Browser-in-the-Browser (BitB), which is more of a malicious pop-up (think when a login button spawns a new browser window). ",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2044,"content":2045},{},[2046],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2047,"marks":2048,"data":2049},"Beyond initial access",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2051,"content":2052},{},[2053],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2054,"marks":2055,"data":2056},"So maybe you’re thinking now “OK, sounds kinda bad, but I’m not that worried. Maybe some user accounts get compromised by this method despite all my MFA protections, but at least the attacker only has temporary access, right?” ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2058,"content":2059},{},[2060],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2061,"marks":2062,"data":2063},"In theory, access is temporary as sessions time out. And if spotted, the security team can respond by killing the authenticated sessions and forcing password changes for the compromised users. Then the attacker is back to square one, right? Their session is lost, they still don’t have MFA, and even the password they keylogged has now been changed.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2065,"content":2066},{},[2067],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2068,"marks":2069,"data":2070},"In practice, it’s not this simple. We mentioned earlier how SSO portals are often the most common targets for these attacks. For most modern organizations, this means their core identity provider, which just so happens to be the gateway to accessing many other web applications, whether internal applications or a multitude of SaaS applications. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2072,"content":2073},{},[2074,2078,2087],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2075,"marks":2076,"data":2077},"Let’s consider the example of an organization using Okta where their Okta login portal has been used as the target for AitM phishing. A smart attacker is going to immediately leverage this access to establish authenticated sessions on every single application that Okta provides the user access to. They are also going to ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2079,"content":2081},{"uri":2080},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/okta-swa/",[2082],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2083,"marks":2084,"data":2086},"abuse Okta SWA",[2085],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2088,"marks":2089,"data":2090}," to steal valid credentials for whichever applications support this method. And if that’s not enough, there are a variety of simple methods to achieve persistence on most downstream SaaS applications and sometimes even identity providers themselves.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2092,"content":2093},{},[2094,2098,2107],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2095,"marks":2096,"data":2097},"While the full details of these persistence attacks are outside the scope of this article, more details on some key attacks can be found in a resource we created called the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2099,"content":2101},{"uri":2100},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[2102],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2103,"marks":2104,"data":2106},"SaaS attacks matrix",[2105],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2108,"marks":2109,"data":2110},". Some of the most common techniques that apply here are: ",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":2112,"content":2113},{},[2114,2135,2156,2177,2198],{"nodeType":1417,"data":2115,"content":2116},{},[2117],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2118,"content":2119},{},[2120,2123,2132],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2121,"data":2122},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2124,"content":2126},{"uri":2125},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_keys/description.md",[2127],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2128,"marks":2129,"data":2131},"SAT1004 - API keys",[2130],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2133,"data":2134},[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2136,"content":2137},{},[2138],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2139,"content":2140},{},[2141,2144,2153],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2142,"data":2143},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2145,"content":2147},{"uri":2146},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_sharing/description.md",[2148],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2149,"marks":2150,"data":2152},"SAT1022 - Link sharing",[2151],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2154,"data":2155},[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2157,"content":2158},{},[2159],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2160,"content":2161},{},[2162,2165,2174],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2163,"data":2164},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2166,"content":2168},{"uri":2167},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[2169],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2170,"marks":2171,"data":2173},"SAT1017 - Ghost logins",[2172],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2175,"data":2176},[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2178,"content":2179},{},[2180],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2181,"content":2182},{},[2183,2186,2195],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2184,"data":2185},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2187,"content":2189},{"uri":2188},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_tokens/description.md",[2190],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2191,"marks":2192,"data":2194},"SAT1027 - OAuth tokens",[2193],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2196,"data":2197},[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2199,"content":2200},{},[2201],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2202,"content":2203},{},[2204,2207,2216],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2205,"data":2206},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2208,"content":2210},{"uri":2209},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md",[2211],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2212,"marks":2213,"data":2215},"SAT1033 - Shadow workflows",[2214],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2217,"data":2218},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2220,"content":2221},{},[2222],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2223,"marks":2224,"data":2225},"Suddenly, containing the breach just got a LOT more complicated.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2227,"content":2228},{},[2229,2233,2242],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2230,"marks":2231,"data":2232},"It’s not just application-level lateral movement and persistence to worry about, though. It’s possible the attacker can start moving laterally across other user accounts. If they have selected their targets well, they might even find they have admin access to some downstream SaaS application that has been configured for SAML logins using Okta. For example, maybe they compromise a finance employee who has admin access to their business expenses SaaS application. Then the attacker might be able to use a new technique like ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2234,"content":2236},{"uri":2235},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[2237],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2238,"marks":2239,"data":2241},"SAMLjacking",[2240],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2243,"marks":2244,"data":2245}," to start attacking other users in a watering hole attack to achieve lateral movement.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2247,"content":2248},{},[2249],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2250,"marks":2251,"data":2252},"Video demo – chaining it all together",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2254,"content":2255},{},[2256],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2257,"marks":2258,"data":2259},"OK, so we’ve just jumped from an account compromise for initial access using an AitM phishing attack to bringing up a huge number of other connected techniques. Let’s look at a quick video demonstration of an AitM phishing attack chained together with post-exploitation steps for persistence and lateral movement so we can see how it all fits together.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2261,"content":2262},{},[2263],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2264,"marks":2265,"data":2266},"In this case, we’ll use EvilnoVNC targeting Okta as the core example for the AitM phishing attack:",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":2268,"content":2272},{"target":2269},{"sys":2270},{"id":2271,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"QGTEWzmOL1vrgjXPuV4Gg",[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2274,"content":2275},{},[2276],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2277,"marks":2278,"data":2279},"We can see here that AitM phishing attacks are not only highly effective even in the presence of MFA, but that post-exploitation steps have become so numerous that effective response and containment for even a low-privileged user account are now a significant challenge.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2281,"content":2282},{},[2283],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2284,"marks":2285,"data":2286},"Post-exploitation automation is coming",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2288,"content":2289},{},[2290],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2291,"marks":2292,"data":2293},"There is a saying that attacks only become more effective over time. In the past, toolsets like Metasploit and Cobalt Strike became increasingly focused on post-exploitation and automation to enable much more sophisticated compromises.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2295,"content":2296},{},[2297,2301,2313,2317,2322],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2298,"marks":2299,"data":2300},"As AitM becomes increasingly popular (for example, researchers at Lab539 have reported ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2302,"content":2303},{"uri":1382},[2304,2309],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2305,"marks":2306,"data":2308},"a significant ramp up in attacker infrastructure linked to AitM campaigns",[2307],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2310,"marks":2311,"data":2312},")",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2314,"marks":2315,"data":2316}," it’s only a matter of time now before we see AitM phishing frameworks moving in the same direction and performing many of the lateral movement and persistence steps we saw above – automatically on every successful account compromise. The threat will increase ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2318,"marks":2319,"data":2321},"significantly",[2320],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2323,"marks":2324,"data":2325}," when this becomes the case.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2327,"content":2328},{},[2329],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2330,"marks":2331,"data":2332},"Impact summary",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2334,"content":2335},{},[2336],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2337,"marks":2338,"data":2339},"We’ve covered a lot of ground here, so let’s take a step back and consider the key points of impact:",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":2341,"content":2342},{},[2343,2353,2363],{"nodeType":1417,"data":2344,"content":2345},{},[2346],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2347,"content":2348},{},[2349],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2350,"marks":2351,"data":2352},"AitM phishing techniques are highly effective and increasingly common, and can bypass most common forms of MFA.",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2354,"content":2355},{},[2356],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2357,"content":2358},{},[2359],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2360,"marks":2361,"data":2362},"These techniques are being used by real threat actors and red teamers alike, with both criminal and open-source tools available for performing these attacks.",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2364,"content":2365},{},[2366],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2367,"content":2368},{},[2369],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2370,"marks":2371,"data":2372},"There are many options for lateral movement and persistence after an account compromise, so simple containment actions like password resets for SSO credentials are not nearly enough to contain a knowledgeable attacker.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2374,"content":2375},{},[2376],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2377,"marks":2378,"data":2379},"What can blue teams do about it?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2381,"content":2382},{},[2383],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2384,"marks":2385,"data":2386},"It’s important that organizations develop their capability to detect and respond to AitM attacks. Possible approaches include:",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":2388,"content":2389},{},[2390,2405,2441,2469],{"nodeType":1417,"data":2391,"content":2392},{},[2393],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2394,"content":2395},{},[2396,2401],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2397,"marks":2398,"data":2400},"Move to FIDO MFA where possible",[2399],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2402,"marks":2403,"data":2404}," (though, if no more susceptible backup methods are enabled, this does introduce operational challenges if passkeys are lost).",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2406,"content":2407},{},[2408],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2409,"content":2410},{},[2411,2416,2420,2425,2429,2438],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2412,"marks":2413,"data":2415},"Detect and block known-bad malicious",[2414],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2417,"marks":2418,"data":2419}," ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2421,"marks":2422,"data":2424},"sites",[2423],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2426,"marks":2427,"data":2428}," used in phishing campaigns. There are many threat intelligence feeds that can be ingested to achieve this. Usually, a domain has to be used in a malicious campaign before it can be catalogued – meaning there's typically a window of opportunity before the infrastructure is burned. That said, security researchers at Lab539 (yes, another shout out) have developed a way of identifying sites running AitM tooling – even before they are used for the first time. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2430,"content":2432},{"uri":2431},"https://www.lab539.com/aitm",[2433],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2434,"marks":2435,"data":2437},"You can sign up to get access to their feed here.",[2436],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2439,"data":2440},[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2442,"content":2443},{},[2444],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2445,"content":2446},{},[2447,2452,2456,2465],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2448,"marks":2449,"data":2451},"Introduce controls to detect phishing toolkits and cloned websites",[2450],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2453,"marks":2454,"data":2455},". You can never rely on blocking malicious sites via TI feeds alone, so additional layers of defence are required. Push customers benefit from detection of AitM toolkits like Evilginx and EvilNoVNC in the browser (more to come on this soon!), while Thinkst Canary has developed ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2457,"content":2459},{"uri":2458},"https://blog.thinkst.com/2024/01/defending-against-the-attack-of-the-cloned-websites.html",[2460],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2461,"marks":2462,"data":2464},"methods of detecting whenever your website or login portal is cloned",[2463],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2466,"marks":2467,"data":2468}," – very cool.  ",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2470,"content":2471},{},[2472],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2473,"content":2474},{},[2475,2480],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2476,"marks":2477,"data":2479},"Update IR playbooks to to deal with SSO account compromise,",[2478],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2481,"marks":2482,"data":2483}," factoring in lateral movement and persistence across cloud apps. This really necessitates that you understand what business apps your organization is using, how they are accessed (e.g. SSO or username and password) and what functionality exists that could be abused by an attacker. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2485,"content":2486},{},[2487,2491,2499],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2488,"marks":2489,"data":2490},"If you want to know more about how Push detects and blocks phishing tools in the browser, you can ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2492,"content":2494},{"uri":2493},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser/",[2495],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2496,"marks":2497,"data":2498},"check out our article here",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2500,"marks":2501,"data":2502},". ",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2504,"content":2505},{},[2506],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2507,"marks":2508,"data":2509},"Conclusion",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2511,"content":2512},{},[2513],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2514,"marks":2515,"data":2516},"We’ve seen in this article how there are multiple ways to perform AitM phishing attacks and how they can be extremely effective at targeting users even when their accounts are protected by MFA.  ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2518,"content":2519},{},[2520],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2521,"marks":2522,"data":2523},"Very few organizations are universally using phishing-resistant MFA, such as FIDO-based methods, and even those that do often have fallback options to handle situations where they cannot be used and/or tokens malfunction or are lost. Therefore, the vast majority of organizations are at risk of AitM phishing attacks.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2525,"content":2526},{},[2527],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2528,"marks":2529,"data":2530},"To make things worse, there are lateral movement and persistence techniques that can be exploited to greatly extend the depth of compromise even for a single low-privilege user account. This makes response and containment a significant challenge.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2532,"content":2533},{},[2534,2538,2547,2551,2560,2564,2573,2577,2586],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2535,"marks":2536,"data":2537},"Phishing attacks are clearly evolving. Phishing attacks are no longer limited to email-based delivery mechanisms or being hosted on custom domains. There are many options now for delivering phishing attacks using ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2539,"content":2541},{"uri":2540},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/slack-phishing-for-initial-access/",[2542],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2543,"marks":2544,"data":2546},"Slack",[2545],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2548,"marks":2549,"data":2550}," or ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2552,"content":2554},{"uri":2553},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-microsoft-teams-for-initial-access/",[2555],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2556,"marks":2557,"data":2559},"Microsoft Teams",[2558],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2561,"marks":2562,"data":2563},", using ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2565,"content":2567},{"uri":2566},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[2568],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2569,"marks":2570,"data":2572},"SAMLjacking attacks",[2571],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2574,"marks":2575,"data":2576}," to host the initial landing page on legitimate SaaS web domains or even using ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2578,"content":2580},{"uri":2579},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/oktajacking/",[2581],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2582,"marks":2583,"data":2585},"Okta to keylog credentials",[2584],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2587,"marks":2588,"data":2589}," on behalf of the attacker. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2591,"content":2592},{},[2593],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2594,"marks":2595,"data":2596},"Increasingly, we should expect to see AitM toolkits being used as a standard part of phishing campaigns, and featured in Initial Access Broker tooling – AitM will effectively supersede legacy phishing methods in line with MFA adoption. Rather, it already is. ",[],{},{"nodeType":2598,"data":2599,"content":2600},"hr",{},[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2602,"content":2603},{},[2604],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2605,"marks":2606,"data":2607},"If you're interested in seeing some more AitM tools in action, you can watch our recent webinar on-demand via the link below. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":2609,"content":2612},{"target":2610},{"sys":2611},{"id":1842,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2614,"content":2615},{},[2616],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":2617,"data":2618},[],{},"Phishing 2.0 – how phishing toolkits are evolving with AitM","Attackers are using Adversary in the Middle (AitM) phishing toolkits to bypass MFA. We look at what AitM is, how it works, and what you can do about it.","2024-05-23T00:00:00.000Z","phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm",{"items":2624},[2625,2627],{"sys":2626,"name":1309},{"id":1308},{"sys":2628,"name":1305},{"id":1304},{"items":2630},[2631],{"fullName":2632,"firstName":2633,"jobTitle":2634,"profilePicture":2635},"Luke Jennings","Luke","Vice President, R&D",{"url":2636},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Hosb4zKi1dA0PUyDLMe1h/27e09d894861f2196ba794037986fb08/T016S22KZ96-U02NVQM7ZD4-57761d542d83-512.jpeg",{"__typename":1313,"sys":2638,"content":2640,"title":3434,"synopsis":3435,"hashTags":118,"publishedDate":3436,"slug":3437,"tagsCollection":3438,"authorsCollection":3444},{"id":2639},"6VZQJzQ2FNetGNMEjiuXB2",{"json":2641},{"nodeType":1295,"data":2642,"content":2643},{},[2644,2651,2658,2665,2672,2679,2686,2692,2710,2717,2763,2770,2777,2822,2842,2849,2856,2863,2883,2902,2909,2942,2949,2969,2976,2983,3014,3034,3041,3047,3054,3061,3068,3075,3082,3089,3096,3103,3110,3117,3124,3131,3147,3154,3225,3232,3239,3268,3283,3290,3297,3304,3337,3357,3364,3371,3378,3385,3404,3422,3428],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2645,"content":2646},{},[2647],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2648,"marks":2649,"data":2650},"Our goal at Push is simple — to stop identity attacks. Today, the vast majority of identity vulnerabilities exist in the context of SaaS apps. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2652,"content":2653},{},[2654],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2655,"marks":2656,"data":2657},"The reasons for this are clear: Security teams have reduced central oversight and control over SaaS apps than they are used to, these apps exist in large numbers per company, and the identities that are used to access these apps are... complicated, to say the least. Securing hundreds of apps, with thousands of associated identities, is therefore no mean feat. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2659,"content":2660},{},[2661],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2662,"marks":2663,"data":2664},"Securing SaaS use means building controls that are easy to use, easy to understand — and ultimately effective. Not just effective against the hand-wavy concept of “SaaS attacks,” but specific techniques — the most common techniques that are likely to cause real damage.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2666,"content":2667},{},[2668],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2669,"marks":2670,"data":2671},"To talk about this, we need to have a shared understanding of what these techniques are. To get that conversation going, we’ve pulled together all the techniques we're aware of, and our research team has even added a bunch of new ones.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":2673,"content":2674},{},[2675],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2676,"marks":2677,"data":2678},"The SaaS attack matrix",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2680,"content":2681},{},[2682],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2683,"marks":2684,"data":2685},"We’ve taken inspiration from the MITRE ATT&CK framework (certainly intended as the sincerest form of flattery), but wanted to make a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused ATT&CK techniques and instead focus on techniques that are SaaS-specific. In fact, these techniques don’t touch endpoints (so they bypass EDR) or customer networks (so they bypass network detection) — so we’re calling them networkless attacks.",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":2687,"content":2691},{"target":2688},{"sys":2689},{"id":2690,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"768Zv5gTVHyu5rbzJAzL4F",[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2693,"content":2694},{},[2695,2699,2707],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2696,"marks":2697,"data":2698},"You can find more detailed descriptions of these techniques (and hopefully PRs for some we missed) on ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2700,"content":2701},{"uri":2100},[2702],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2703,"marks":2704,"data":2706},"GitHub",[2705],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1720,"marks":2708,"data":2709},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2711,"content":2712},{},[2713],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2714,"marks":2715,"data":2716},"Since we’re not targeting endpoints, let’s talk about the new targets: The accounts/identities on SaaS apps. We found it was useful to think about these identities not as standalone isolated islands — but much more like a graph; less a single web-server on the internet and more like many Windows endpoints on an Active Directory. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2718,"content":2719},{},[2720,2724,2733,2737,2746,2750,2759],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2721,"marks":2722,"data":2723},"You can leverage this access to an identity on a trusted platform to target (so laterally move or escalate privilege to) other users or identities. For example, attacks like using access to SaaS apps to ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2725,"content":2727},{"uri":2726},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/in-app_phishing/description.md",[2728],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2729,"marks":2730,"data":2732},"phish other employees through comments",[2731],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2734,"marks":2735,"data":2736}," and ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2738,"content":2740},{"uri":2739},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_user_spoofing/description.md",[2741],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2742,"marks":2743,"data":2745},"spoofing users on IM platforms",[2744],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2747,"marks":2748,"data":2749}," to social engineer them there — or perhaps ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2751,"content":2753},{"uri":2752},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_backdooring/description.md",[2754],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2755,"marks":2756,"data":2758},"backdooring links",[2757],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2760,"marks":2761,"data":2762}," in documents.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2764,"content":2765},{},[2766],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2767,"marks":2768,"data":2769},"In this case, unusually, it’s not the data in these hundreds of SaaS apps that create risk, and you need to consider low-risk (from a data perspective) apps as a vector to pivot to higher-risk apps in your estate.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":2771,"content":2772},{},[2773],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2774,"marks":2775,"data":2776},"Initial access and poisoned tenants",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2778,"content":2779},{},[2780,2784,2793,2796,2805,2809,2818],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2781,"marks":2782,"data":2783},"Attacks like ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2785,"content":2787},{"uri":2786},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[2788],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2789,"marks":2790,"data":2792},"credential stuffing",[2791],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2734,"marks":2794,"data":2795},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2797,"content":2799},{"uri":2798},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/email_phishing/description.md",[2800],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2801,"marks":2802,"data":2804},"email phishing",[2803],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2806,"marks":2807,"data":2808}," that get you initial access to SaaS apps are fairly well known — because they work and are widely used. We’re also starting to see tools and attacks that suggest that ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2810,"content":2812},{"uri":2811},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_phishing/description.md",[2813],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2814,"marks":2815,"data":2817},"phishing employees through these IM apps",[2816],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2819,"marks":2820,"data":2821}," is about to go mainstream.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2823,"content":2824},{},[2825,2829,2838],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2826,"marks":2827,"data":2828},"Another interesting attack is a spin on the classic waterhole attack called a ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2830,"content":2832},{"uri":2831},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/poisoned_tenants/description.md",[2833],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2834,"marks":2835,"data":2837},"poisoned tenant",[2836],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2839,"marks":2840,"data":2841},". Rather than attacking a customer tenant for a SaaS app, the attacker lures employees into joining an attacker-controlled tenant. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2843,"content":2844},{},[2845],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2846,"marks":2847,"data":2848},"SaaS apps allow anyone to name app tenants (a.k.a. spaces, teams, or instances) anything they like — including your company name. Attackers send invites to your employees from within the app with a customized message explaining why they should join this new tenant (or sign up to the app if they are not already a user). ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2850,"content":2851},{},[2852],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2853,"marks":2854,"data":2855},"Attackers might even pay for premium licenses in the app to further entice employees to join. The attacker then waits for the employee to upload sensitive data or create integrations with other company apps containing crown jewels.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":2857,"content":2858},{},[2859],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2860,"marks":2861,"data":2862},"Living-off-the-(SaaS)-land to persist and avoid detection",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2864,"content":2865},{},[2866,2870,2879],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2867,"marks":2868,"data":2869},"In the endpoint world, a favorite technique is the use of legit OS utilities or ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2871,"content":2873},{"uri":2872},"https://lolbas-project.github.io",[2874],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2875,"marks":2876,"data":2878},"LOLBaS",[2877],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2880,"marks":2881,"data":2882}," (Living-Off-the-Land Binaries and Scripts), which are often signed Microsoft utilities. Perhaps the most well-known example is executing scripts through PowerShell rather than building custom malware. That isn’t as useful these days, but there was a time when PowerShell was routinely used to bypass AV, EDR, and even app allow-listing.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2884,"content":2885},{},[2886,2890,2898],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2887,"marks":2888,"data":2889},"In that same living-off-the-land mindset, an attacker trying to maintain access to each SaaS app they compromise using custom OAuth integration apps might instead choose to use legit SaaS apps that specialize in workflow automation to create ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2891,"content":2892},{"uri":2209},[2893],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2894,"marks":2895,"data":2897},"shadow workflows",[2896],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2899,"marks":2900,"data":2901},". Utilizing legit SaaS apps also means they can hide in plain sight from incident responders, instead of having to rely on unverified or unpublished integrations.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2903,"content":2904},{},[2905],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2906,"marks":2907,"data":2908},"Perhaps the best example here is using a well-known automation app like Zapier, which claims to have more than 5,000 integrations. These integrations are often verified, approved, and connected to a trusted vendor (Zapier). An attacker might create workflows to:",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":2910,"content":2911},{},[2912,2922,2932],{"nodeType":1417,"data":2913,"content":2914},{},[2915],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2916,"content":2917},{},[2918],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2919,"marks":2920,"data":2921},"Do daily data exfiltration from a victim’s data lake.",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2923,"content":2924},{},[2925],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2926,"content":2927},{},[2928],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2929,"marks":2930,"data":2931},"Configure a webhook that adds malicious accounts to a Github repo on demand.",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":2933,"content":2934},{},[2935],{"nodeType":1294,"data":2936,"content":2937},{},[2938],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2939,"marks":2940,"data":2941},"Automatically find and replace bank account numbers in emails to the finance team.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2943,"content":2944},{},[2945],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2946,"marks":2947,"data":2948},"All appear as legitimate Zapier integrations. But, before you put in alerts specifically for Zapier, know that it’s one of dozens of apps that support these kinds of offensive workflows.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2950,"content":2951},{},[2952,2956,2965],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2953,"marks":2954,"data":2955},"A sneaky attacker might go further and use an ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2957,"content":2959},{"uri":2958},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md",[2960],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2961,"marks":2962,"data":2964},"evil twin integration",[2963],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2966,"marks":2967,"data":2968}," to make another instance of an existing integration — making this backdoor almost impossible to discover.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":2970,"content":2971},{},[2972],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2973,"marks":2974,"data":2975},"Features or vulnerabilities?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2977,"content":2978},{},[2979],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2980,"marks":2981,"data":2982},"When looking for attack techniques, you’re typically going after features that have weaknesses you can abuse rather than bugs in a single app that will be patched. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":2984,"content":2985},{},[2986,2990,2999,3002,3010],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2987,"marks":2988,"data":2989},"It’s pretty common for SaaS apps to skip email verification or allow multiple simultaneous authentication methods. Both of these are conscious design choices in the name of lowering the friction of account creation and reducing customer support. However, these features make techniques like ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":2991,"content":2993},{"uri":2992},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/account_ambushing/description.md",[2994],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2995,"marks":2996,"data":2998},"account ambushing",[2997],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2734,"marks":3000,"data":3001},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3003,"content":3004},{"uri":2167},[3005],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3006,"marks":3007,"data":3009},"ghost logins",[3008],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3011,"marks":3012,"data":3013}," possible. If these attacks become widespread, these might come to be seen more as bugs rather than a positive feature for users.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3015,"content":3016},{},[3017,3021,3030],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3018,"marks":3019,"data":3020},"In other cases, the bugs are serious enough and hard enough to patch that they’re worth noting as a technique. The recently disclosed (and perfectly named) ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3022,"content":3024},{"uri":3023},"https://www.descope.com/blog/post/noauth",[3025],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3026,"marks":3027,"data":3029},"nOAuth",[3028],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3031,"marks":3032,"data":3033}," bug fits this bill. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3035,"content":3036},{},[3037],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3038,"marks":3039,"data":3040},"The bug arises from a confusion between an email identity and email metadata field in Microsoft integrations and without a central fix from MS (the fix isn’t trivial), these bugs are likely to be discovered and re-occur on third-party OAuth apps for a while to come.",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":3042,"content":3046},{"target":3043},{"sys":3044},{"id":3045,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"6iKFd9Qys2SSuNqKVQB7ka",[],{"nodeType":1500,"data":3048,"content":3049},{},[3050],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3051,"marks":3052,"data":3053},"The SaaS market is driving these offensive techniques",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3055,"content":3056},{},[3057],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3058,"marks":3059,"data":3060},"SaaS apps are basically web apps that are run in the cloud and accessed from endpoints, so then WebApp, endpoint, and cloud security should cover all of SaaS, right? ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3062,"content":3063},{},[3064],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3065,"marks":3066,"data":3067},"That was our assumption when we started, but what we found instead was that SaaS marketing practices are driving a lot of pretty interesting techniques that you don’t run into in standalone web apps.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3069,"content":3070},{},[3071],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3072,"marks":3073,"data":3074},"Modern SaaS is easy to adopt, easy to use, low friction, low cost, low overhead",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3076,"content":3077},{},[3078],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3079,"marks":3080,"data":3081},"Making apps easy to sign up for and low effort to support means you need to make some interesting choices when it comes to designing account creation and recovery flows. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3083,"content":3084},{},[3085],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3086,"marks":3087,"data":3088},"Many apps allow users to sign into apps using multiple methods, easily invite collaborators (internal and external) and avoid any additional friction during the signup process. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3090,"content":3091},{},[3092],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3093,"marks":3094,"data":3095},"For example, many apps avoid verifying new account email addresses. This is not laziness, these are conscious design choices — not driven by security clearly, but not accidents.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3097,"content":3098},{},[3099],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3100,"marks":3101,"data":3102},"Modern SaaS is highly integrated",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3104,"content":3105},{},[3106],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3107,"marks":3108,"data":3109},"Most SaaS apps are trying to build app marketplaces or perform well in other apps' marketplaces (often both), and it’s rare these days to find apps that don’t integrate with other apps. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3111,"content":3112},{},[3113],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3114,"marks":3115,"data":3116},"OAuth has become the de facto standard protocol for doing this, and most users have become quite used to approving OAuth2.0 consent flows. These integrations have opened up lots of incredibly useful doors for attackers to persist access and move laterally across SaaS apps that few incident response teams have run into yet. These tokens don’t expire when you reset passwords, aren’t protected by MFA, and actions they performed are rarely logged. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3118,"content":3119},{},[3120],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3121,"marks":3122,"data":3123},"These are not bugs or oversights but rather a consequence of how these APIs are intended to be used (by machines, not human adversaries).",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":3125,"content":3126},{},[3127],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3128,"marks":3129,"data":3130},"Problems with observing SaaS attacks ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3132,"content":3133},{},[3134,3138,3143],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3135,"marks":3136,"data":3137},"This research begs one question above others: ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3139,"marks":3140,"data":3142},"“Are we seeing these attacks in the wild?",[3141],{"type":312},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3144,"marks":3145,"data":3146},"” ",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3148,"content":3149},{},[3150],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3151,"marks":3152,"data":3153},"Yes, definitely",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3155,"content":3156},{},[3157,3161,3170,3173,3182,3186,3195,3199,3208,3212,3221],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3158,"marks":3159,"data":3160},"For some of the better-known techniques, like credential stuffing and email phishing, the answer is an easy yes. Stats from ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3162,"content":3164},{"uri":3163},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/05/04/how-microsoft-can-help-you-go-passwordless-this-world-password-day/",[3165],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3166,"marks":3167,"data":3169},"Microsoft (1,287 password attacks every second)",[3168],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":2734,"marks":3171,"data":3172},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3174,"content":3176},{"uri":3175},"https://auth0.com/blog/top-insights-from-our-2022-state-of-secure-identity-report/",[3177],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3178,"marks":3179,"data":3181},"Auth0 (a third of their traffic is credential stuffing)",[3180],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3183,"marks":3184,"data":3185}," speaks volumes. Other sources like the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3187,"content":3189},{"uri":3188},"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022",[3190],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3191,"marks":3192,"data":3194},"NCSC's Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2022",[3193],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3196,"marks":3197,"data":3198}," and the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3200,"content":3202},{"uri":3201},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/",[3203],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3204,"marks":3205,"data":3207},"Verizon 2023 Data Breach Investigations Report",[3206],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3209,"marks":3210,"data":3211}," suggest that phishing is also a major cause of SaaS breaches. Anecdotal reports from colleagues in the Incident Response field suggest that malicious mail forwarding rules are seen a lot, something which is supported by the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3213,"content":3215},{"uri":3214},"https://expel.com/expel-quarterly-threat-report/",[3216],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3217,"marks":3218,"data":3220},"Expel Quarterly Threat Report for Q1 2023",[3219],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3222,"marks":3223,"data":3224}," (see page 6).",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3226,"content":3227},{},[3228],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3229,"marks":3230,"data":3231},"The takeaway is that the current focus for defenders should be to ensure users have good phishing-resistant account security in place — make sure you have basics like strong unique passwords and MFA in place across your entire SaaS estate.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3233,"content":3234},{},[3235],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3236,"marks":3237,"data":3238},"For newer OAuth attacks, it’s a lot less clear …",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3240,"content":3241},{},[3242,3246,3251,3255,3264],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3243,"marks":3244,"data":3245},"Other techniques like consent phishing have been discussed in some breach disclosures like the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3247,"marks":3248,"data":3250},"2020 SANS breach",[3249],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3252,"marks":3253,"data":3254},". These OAuth techniques also pop up in the news (for example, the ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3256,"content":3258},{"uri":3257},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/github-how-stolen-oauth-tokens-helped-breach-dozens-of-orgs/",[3259],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3260,"marks":3261,"data":3263},"2022 Github/Heroku/Travis-CI breach",[3262],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3265,"marks":3266,"data":3267}," where GitHub accounts were breached using stolen Heroku and Travis-CI OAuth tokens). ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3269,"content":3270},{},[3271,3275,3280],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3272,"marks":3273,"data":3274},"That said, none of these techniques come up as frequently as their usefulness would suggest. This means one of two things: ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3276,"marks":3277,"data":3279},"Either attackers aren’t yet using them widely, or they are and we aren’t detecting them",[3278],{"type":312},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1720,"marks":3281,"data":3282},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3284,"content":3285},{},[3286],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3287,"marks":3288,"data":3289},"There is certainly a case to be made that attackers simply don’t need these newer techniques yet. Many organizations don’t have a way of discovering SaaS use in their organization yet, never mind breached accounts, so new persistence techniques might be a bit more than necessary at the moment.",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3291,"content":3292},{},[3293],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3294,"marks":3295,"data":3296},"But would we know if it was happening?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3298,"content":3299},{},[3300],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3301,"marks":3302,"data":3303},"On the other hand, there is certainly the possibility that these attacks are increasingly used, but are simply not being discovered. A strong argument in favor of this view is the difficulty in investigating these attacks. Very few SaaS apps provide enough logging capability to discover these attacks as a customer. This is true even for the biggest, most mature apps like Office 365 and Google Workspace unless you are on top license tiers. This is doubly true for attacks that use OAuth, with many apps providing no insight or details into actions made using OAuth-authenticated APIs. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3305,"content":3306},{},[3307,3311,3320,3324,3333],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3308,"marks":3309,"data":3310},"This suggests only the SaaS providers for these apps are really in a position to discover and investigate them. This does ring true when you consider that ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3312,"content":3314},{"uri":3313},"https://blog.heroku.com/april-2022-incident-review",[3315],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3316,"marks":3317,"data":3319},"Heroku",[3318],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3321,"marks":3322,"data":3323}," relied heavily on Github during the investigation (and in one case even the detection of) their 2022 breaches, and the same seems true for a similar breach affecting ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3325,"content":3327},{"uri":3326},"https://circleci.com/blog/jan-4-2023-incident-report/",[3328],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3329,"marks":3330,"data":3332},"CircleCI",[3331],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3334,"marks":3335,"data":3336}," later that year. Github and CircleCI’s customers prompted the investigation after seeing strange behavior, but Github had access to the logs to investigate. It’s difficult to imagine that most or even many SaaS vendors have the resources or inclination to run these investigations effectively as GitHub appears to have.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3338,"content":3339},{},[3340,3344,3354],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3341,"marks":3342,"data":3343},"So, are these attacks happening in the real world? My best guess is it’s a little bit of column A and a little bit of column B — there are likely not so many of these attacks happening yet, and when they do, I suspect the vast majority go undetected. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3345,"content":3347},{"uri":3346},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j95kNwZw8YY",[3348],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3349,"marks":3350,"data":3353},"But that’s just like my opinion, man.",[3351,3352],{"type":1881},{"type":312},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":3355,"data":3356},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3358,"content":3359},{},[3360],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3361,"marks":3362,"data":3363},"This is part of the reason we think enabling red teamers to try these techniques in anger is useful — this is the time-proven way to understand these risks.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":3365,"content":3366},{},[3367],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3368,"marks":3369,"data":3370},"What’s next?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3372,"content":3373},{},[3374],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3375,"marks":3376,"data":3377},"We’ve barely scratched the surface, but perhaps there is enough here to get the discussion going. From past experience, discussion may not be enough, and it’s likely that live offensive work like penetration tests or more likely red team exercises will be required to make the risks of using these techniques real for the wider security community. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3379,"content":3380},{},[3381],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3382,"marks":3383,"data":3384},"After all, seeing is believing. We think some more practical examples and tools to help red  teamers use these techniques on engagements will help drive awareness forward, so we’ll be looking to build out this content.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3386,"content":3387},{},[3388,3392,3401],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3389,"marks":3390,"data":3391},"We’ve started with pure networkless attacks that don’t touch customer networks or endpoints, but there are many useful techniques to connect the old endpoint world to the SaaS world. Consider stealing OAuth tokens from a thick client on an endpoint, or using a ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3393,"content":3395},{"uri":3394},"https://github.blog/2023-07-18-security-alert-social-engineering-campaign-targets-technology-industry-employees/",[3396],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3397,"marks":3398,"data":3400},"backdoored GitHub repo to get code execution on endpoints",[3399],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":1720,"marks":3402,"data":3403},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3405,"content":3406},{},[3407,3411,3418],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3408,"marks":3409,"data":3410},"Help us all better understand how widespread these attacks are by sharing some war stories. We’d love some comments, discussions, or PRs on ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3412,"content":3413},{"uri":2100},[3414],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2703,"marks":3415,"data":3417},[3416],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3419,"marks":3420,"data":3421},"!",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":3423,"content":3427},{"target":3424},{"sys":3425},{"id":3426,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"2y0INxqAi594O7rCAVKhTI",[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3429,"content":3430},{},[3431],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":3432,"data":3433},[],{},"Let’s talk about SaaS attack techniques","Offensive security drives defensive security. We're sharing a collection of SaaS attack techniques to help defenders understand the threats they face.","2023-07-27T00:00:00.000Z","saas-attack-techniques",{"items":3439},[3440,3442],{"sys":3441,"name":1309},{"id":1308},{"sys":3443,"name":1305},{"id":1304},{"items":3445},[3446],{"fullName":3447,"firstName":3448,"jobTitle":3449,"profilePicture":3450},"Jacques Louw","Jacques","Co-founder / CRO",{"url":3451},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/39m8bektV23lnCRcEq0G8h/2a08f6276a50744f1a4b499b273f6bb2/Push_Founders_at_Cahoots_October_28_2022_by_Doug_Coombe-21.jpg",{"items":3453},[3454],{"fullName":3455,"firstName":3456,"jobTitle":3457,"profilePicture":3458},"Dan Green","Dan","Threat Research",{"url":3459},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7jik1VhFgA3kgzXBXTm2Vw/fcd8c171da644903d0827eafcfbcaad0/Dan_Headshot_2025.png",{"json":3461,"links":3937},{"nodeType":1295,"data":3462,"content":3463},{},[3464,3471,3478,3485,3492,3499,3506,3513,3520,3527,3545,3563,3570,3577,3597,3604,3616,3659,3666,3685,3693,3700,3707,3714,3721,3728,3794,3801,3807,3814,3821,3828,3835,3855,3862,3869,3876,3883,3890,3897,3904,3911,3918,3924,3930],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3465,"content":3466},{},[3467],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3468,"marks":3469,"data":3470},"User web activity can be a rich source of attack detection data. To this end, most organizations today ingest some form of network traffic data for security monitoring purposes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3472,"content":3473},{},[3474],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3475,"marks":3476,"data":3477},"Typically, network traffic data is gathered by analyzing web proxy and/or DNS logs. But, we regularly speak to organizations that are frustrated with the challenge of piecing together web traffic data, without understanding the opportunity presented by the alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3479,"content":3480},{},[3481],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3482,"marks":3483,"data":3484},"Even with proxies that can terminate TLS-encrypted datastreams, it’s difficult for even expert security teams to collect and analyze any meaningful data from web proxy logs. While the kind of data needed might be technically possible to extract, the process of reconstructing proxy data to analyze the specific data points that you really need, at scale, is prohibitively complicated.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3486,"content":3487},{},[3488],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3489,"marks":3490,"data":3491},"The old “needle in a haystack” adage is very apt here! Rather than trying to piece together half-broken data – overlaying noisy proxy logs with other sources such as app and IdP telemetry – we think that the browser presents a much simpler way of analyzing relevant data points, particularly when it comes to identity attacks. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3493,"content":3494},{},[3495],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3496,"marks":3497,"data":3498},"Before we get on to detection opportunities in the browser, let’s take a deeper look at the web proxy situation.",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":3500,"content":3501},{},[3502],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3503,"marks":3504,"data":3505},"Detection based on web proxy – how does it work and what are the limitations?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3507,"content":3508},{},[3509],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3510,"marks":3511,"data":3512},"Web proxies generate common data points that can be used for threat detection, particularly when looking for indicators of an endpoint compromise. They work by inspecting network traffic to and from the endpoint, which includes web activity in the browser. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3514,"content":3515},{},[3516],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3517,"marks":3518,"data":3519},"The classic use case would be inspecting traffic from an endpoint to networked servers and devices, either on the local network or over the internet (e.g. via VPN), to detect signs of suspicious/malicious behavior from the device (indicating a potential compromise). Data is then shipped to a central proxy server where it can be analyzed for indicators of malicious activity. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3521,"content":3522},{},[3523],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3524,"marks":3525,"data":3526},"The traditional proxy setup has a number of limitations: ",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":3528,"content":3529},{},[3530],{"nodeType":1417,"data":3531,"content":3532},{},[3533],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3534,"content":3535},{},[3536,3541],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3537,"marks":3538,"data":3540},"The proxy needs to be in a position to intercept traffic.",[3539],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3542,"marks":3543,"data":3544}," It may only be active when a user is in the office, on a VPN and/or for external web traffic only. It might not work if a user is on their home or other other Wi-Fi – e.g. when working from Starbucks, or visiting a customer site, which isn’t an ideal setup in the era of remote working.  ",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":3546,"content":3547},{},[3548],{"nodeType":1417,"data":3549,"content":3550},{},[3551],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3552,"content":3553},{},[3554,3559],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3555,"marks":3556,"data":3558},"Most web traffic is protected by TLS – so a proxy has to decrypt this to inspect what’s inside.",[3557],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3560,"marks":3561,"data":3562}," At the very least you’re going to need to deploy a CA cert to every endpoint. But, some websites use things like certificate pinning or other SSL-enforcement controls to straight up prevent this. Unless you’re doing TLS-termination at scale with a COTS solution, then the ability to do proxy-based monitoring is seriously limited. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3564,"content":3565},{},[3566],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3567,"marks":3568,"data":3569},"Proxies under the hood",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3571,"content":3572},{},[3573],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3574,"marks":3575,"data":3576},"Let’s pop the hood and take a look at the data you can collect using a web proxy that is useful for threat detection. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3578,"content":3579},{},[3580,3584,3593],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3581,"marks":3582,"data":3583},"Typically, you’re looking at data points such as domain names or IP addresses. If the proxy is terminating TLS, you might also have web URLs, the type of web content accessed, and other HTTP-level metadata. Higher level data like file uploads/downloads can sometimes be reconstructed when using very vanilla methods. More advanced proxies might run or open downloaded files in a sandbox for dynamic analysis to identify potentially malicious properties, which has ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3585,"content":3587},{"uri":3586},"https://www.cyfirma.com/research/html-smuggling-a-stealthier-approach-to-deliver-malware/",[3588],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3589,"marks":3590,"data":3592},"given rise to techniques like HTML smuggling",[3591],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3594,"marks":3595,"data":3596}," to hide these file downloads from advanced proxies. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3598,"content":3599},{},[3600],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3601,"marks":3602,"data":3603},"In practice this means that you might see that an endpoint at IP address X accessed google.com. If it’s an authenticated proxy, you might see the user of the endpoint as well. Using this data, it’s possible to see which endpoint’s owner accessed the web domain, but not the identity/account they used, or whether they actually logged in at all. So for the majority of in-house proxy setups not doing TLS-termination… that’s it. Even then, without decrypting TLS you can’t be sure you’re seeing the actual/final domain because of technologies like domain fronting that are commonly implemented in modern CDNs. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3605,"content":3606},{},[3607,3611],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3608,"marks":3609,"data":3610},"With TLS termination, it’s possible to see a lot more by inspecting/unpacking the HTTP data. At this point there are two possible approaches: Manual analysis after the fact, or automated analysis on the fly. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3612,"marks":3613,"data":3615},"Unfortunately, there are problems with both options. ",[3614],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":3617,"content":3618},{},[3619,3639],{"nodeType":1417,"data":3620,"content":3621},{},[3622],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3623,"content":3624},{},[3625,3630,3634],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3626,"marks":3627,"data":3629},"There is too much HTTP data to store and manually analyze everything:",[3628],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3631,"marks":3632,"data":3633}," Usually, organizations limit the data being stored to specific metadata as opposed to trying to store everything (terabytes of data per day), which would be impossibly expensive to store (and also to build the server infrastructure required to index and search it – effectively a mini-datacenter). ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3635,"marks":3636,"data":3638},"Not to mention that storing detailed HTTP body data presents a significant security risk, as it includes valid session tokens/cookies for all your identities…  ",[3637],{"type":312},{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":3640,"content":3641},{},[3642],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3643,"content":3644},{},[3645,3650,3654],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3646,"marks":3647,"data":3649},"Each web app is custom, making automated analysis (virtually) impossible:",[3648],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3651,"marks":3652,"data":3653}," Proxy-based solutions have to reconstruct the data after TLS encryption. HTTP data is usually stored in large application JSON/XML objects or even in totally custom encoding – per each app. This means that complex, custom code is required per each app to be able to perform automated analysis. When businesses today are using hundreds of apps on average, ",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3655,"marks":3656,"data":3658},"automating this process is not feasible as it requires constant reverse engineering of every web app. ",[3657],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3660,"content":3661},{},[3662],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3663,"marks":3664,"data":3665},"So what does this mean? Well, even organizations with a TLS-terminating proxy are limited to manual analysis of select metadata after-the-fact, which massively reduces its utility. You could sink a day or more’s analysis into gathering a small amount of useful data, for example whether a URL was accessed, but not necessarily which device/user, or what account/creds were used to log in). This means you’re probably going to use proxy data to aid in the investigation of a known incident rather than anything proactive. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3667,"content":3668},{},[3669,3674,3680],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3670,"marks":3671,"data":3673},"It might be ",[3672],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3675,"marks":3676,"data":3679},"theoretically",[3677,3678],{"type":312},{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3681,"marks":3682,"data":3684}," possible to sift through decrypted HTTP data to identify and correlate identities and actions, effectively reconstructing web pages from the network traffic automatically and on the fly (in the same way that it’s theoretically possible to remove my head and transplant it onto your body), but is it practical or reasonable for most organizations to do this? No. ",[3683],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":3686,"content":3687},{},[3688],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3689,"marks":3690,"data":3692},"Browser data: a better alternative?",[3691],{"type":1608},{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3694,"content":3695},{},[3696],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3697,"marks":3698,"data":3699},"One way of overcoming some of the limitations of the classic web proxy setup is to use a browser-based solution. It’s much easier to collect data at the browser level before it’s encrypted. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3701,"content":3702},{},[3703],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3704,"marks":3705,"data":3706},"A browser agent isn’t just a proxy for pre-TLS HTML data, though. In the browser, you’re able to dynamically interact with the DOM or the rendered web application, including its JS code. This makes it easy to find, for example, input fields for usernames and passwords. You can see what information the user is inputting and where, without needing to figure out how the data is encoded and sent back to the app. These are fairly generic fields that can be identified across your suite of apps without needing complex custom code. To put it in perspective, approximately 10 login cases cover the entirety of the SaaS apps we support (~1000). Using a proxy-based solution, each of these would require custom development.   ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3708,"content":3709},{},[3710],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3711,"marks":3712,"data":3713},"While it's technically possible to keep track of multiple sessions for thousands of users across hundreds of apps via proxy, it’s no mean feat – made much easier when each extension is tracking one user, in one browser, and even knows the browser tab it’s running in. You also get additional context at the identity layer such as the email address, authentication protocol, and credentials used, neatly mapped to that specific user and browser profile – no more trying to link the owner of an IP address to log events!",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3715,"content":3716},{},[3717],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3718,"marks":3719,"data":3720},"The browser also has the added benefit of being a natural enforcement point. You can collect and analyze data dynamically, and produce an immediate response – rather than taking info away, analyzing it, and coming back with a detection minutes or hours later (and potentially prompting a manual response). ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3722,"content":3723},{},[3724],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3725,"marks":3726,"data":3727},"Let’s look at a couple of examples based on how we’re using our browser agent to detect and block identity attacks. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1413,"data":3729,"content":3730},{},[3731,3753,3773],{"nodeType":1417,"data":3732,"content":3733},{},[3734],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3735,"content":3736},{},[3737,3740,3749],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":3738,"data":3739},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3741,"content":3743},{"uri":3742},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[3744],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3745,"marks":3746,"data":3748},"Pinning passwords to the legitimate site they are linked with",[3747],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3750,"marks":3751,"data":3752},". This is made possible by interacting with the DOM to observe passwords being entered – enabling the Push agent to intercept and block before an HTTP network request can even be made. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":3754,"content":3755},{},[3756],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3757,"content":3758},{},[3759,3762,3769],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":3760,"data":3761},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3763,"content":3764},{"uri":2493},[3765],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3766,"marks":3767,"data":3768},"Detecting and blocking malicious phishing tools",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3770,"marks":3771,"data":3772}," running on websites by observing behavioral attributes in the browser, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",[],{},{"nodeType":1417,"data":3774,"content":3775},{},[3776],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3777,"content":3778},{},[3779,3782,3790],{"nodeType":1293,"value":37,"marks":3780,"data":3781},[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3783,"content":3785},{"uri":3784},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/manage-third-party-data-access/",[3786],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3787,"marks":3788,"data":3789},"Observing users signing up to and using risky apps",[],{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3791,"marks":3792,"data":3793},", or changing or removing authentication methods, MFA methods, and configuration methods, which could indicate account takeover. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3795,"content":3796},{},[3797],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3798,"marks":3799,"data":3800},"It’s always useful to refer back to the concept of the Pyramid of Pain in these situations. The opportunities to detect and block in the browser tend to align with indicators at the apex of the pyramid, meaning they are a significant obstruction for attackers – and difficult to circumvent. This contrasts the indicators aligned with proxy-based solutions, which are much easier to bypass through, for example, IP masking using residential proxy networks, or changing the domains and URLs used for phishing campaigns.  ",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":3802,"content":3806},{"target":3803},{"sys":3804},{"id":3805,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"HrK2xQak6KfjInDbeSgv8",[],{"nodeType":1294,"data":3808,"content":3809},{},[3810],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3811,"marks":3812,"data":3813},"In summary: Browser data provides high-fidelity indicators of malicious activity, without the complications of proxy-based approaches. The scope for response in the browser is significant and immediate, meaning it’s a great enforcement point for security controls to be able to disrupt attacks. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1500,"data":3815,"content":3816},{},[3817],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3818,"marks":3819,"data":3820},"Won’t my app and IdP logs cover this?",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3822,"content":3823},{},[3824],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3825,"marks":3826,"data":3827},"App and IdP logs are useful (when you can get them), but neither give you the full picture. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3829,"content":3830},{},[3831],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3832,"marks":3833,"data":3834},"App logs are limited in availability, scope, and ease of ingestion ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3836,"content":3837},{},[3838,3842,3851],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3839,"marks":3840,"data":3841},"When relying on app logs, you’re naturally constrained by the app provider. Many smaller apps provide no security logging, while others ",[],{},{"nodeType":1380,"data":3843,"content":3845},{"uri":3844},"https://audit-logs.tax/",[3846],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3847,"marks":3848,"data":3850},"lock security logging behind the premium tier subscription",[3849],{"type":1881},{},{"nodeType":1293,"value":3852,"marks":3853,"data":3854},". When logs are available, you’re limited to the events that the third-party deems suitable to log. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3856,"content":3857},{},[3858],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3859,"marks":3860,"data":3861},"Out of the 100 most popular apps we see across our customers, and perhaps the few dozen or so that are security critical, only a small handful provide any useful logging. This means, naturally, that the majority of apps do not. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3863,"content":3864},{},[3865],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3866,"marks":3867,"data":3868},"To top it all off, the process of extracting these logs and feeding them into your SIEM (or equivalent) is also not straightforward. The lack of out-of-the-box connectors for many apps means that complex custom architectures are required for collecting data. Some vendors place constraints on the format and mechanism for extracting logs which can make ingestion difficult to feed reliable detections – even before any meaningful analysis of the data can take place. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3870,"content":3871},{},[3872],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3873,"marks":3874,"data":3875},"Until application security logs are made widely available (and at no additional cost) it’s unlikely you’re going to be able to get the visibility you need from app logs, for every app your employees use (though of course there are exceptions – and we hope to see more vendors in future treating security as a minimum requirement, not a chargeable addon). ",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3877,"content":3878},{},[3879],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3880,"marks":3881,"data":3882},"IdP logs cover only SSO integrated apps and are limited in scope",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3884,"content":3885},{},[3886],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3887,"marks":3888,"data":3889},"You might think, “but all of our business apps are behind SSO, right?” In reality, only about 1 in 3 apps support SSO (and even fewer at the ‘free’ tier). And in practice, our data shows us that only 1 in 5 apps on average are actually behind SSO per organization. The theoretical security benefit of IdP logs is that they provide context, a foundation for the user’s activity across (and between) a suite of apps. But because of the lack of coverage, this isn’t the case. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3891,"content":3892},{},[3893],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3894,"marks":3895,"data":3896},"IdP logs are naturally focused on authentication, and so don’t compensate for any gaps in app logging. Naturally, they are only able to observe what happens on the IdP side – and so are blind to client side attacks like phishing (which we’ve already shown the browser provides superior visibility of compared to typical alternatives like proxy logs).   ",[],{},{"nodeType":1845,"data":3898,"content":3899},{},[3900],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3901,"marks":3902,"data":3903},"Browser is best for stopping identity attacks",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3905,"content":3906},{},[3907],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3908,"marks":3909,"data":3910},"This is where the browser comes in. Think of your browser as your source of truth, a broad data baseline for user activity where the browser provides complete context of the browser profile, employee, accounts, credentials, auth methods, and MFA types – as well as employee interaction with web sites.",[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3912,"content":3913},{},[3914],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3915,"marks":3916,"data":3917},"The TL;DR is that your visibility in the browser is theoretically limitless. Every page loaded (and its source, javascript state, local storage), every user interaction can be observed. And best of all, this analysis is done securely in the browser and only the results of detections are reported back, rather than decrypting the entire raw traffic stream including all session data in an additional centralized system. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1321,"data":3919,"content":3923},{"target":3920},{"sys":3921},{"id":3922,"type":1326,"linkType":1327},"5jPCGPO1tnIkoI7MKW4oUi",[],{"nodeType":1500,"data":3925,"content":3926},{},[3927],{"nodeType":1293,"value":2507,"marks":3928,"data":3929},[],{},{"nodeType":1294,"data":3931,"content":3932},{},[3933],{"nodeType":1293,"value":3934,"marks":3935,"data":3936},"As an industry, we need to start looking at browser-based detection and response as the next logical evolution to stop identity attacks. There are clear parallels with the emergence of EDR – which came about because existing endpoint log sources were not sufficient. Today, we wouldn’t dream of trying to detect and respond to endpoint-based attacks without EDR – it’s time we started thinking about cloud identity attacks and the browser in the same way.  ",[],{},{"entries":3938},{"hyperlink":3939,"inline":3940,"block":3941},[],[],[3942,3951],{"sys":3943,"__typename":3944,"title":3945,"caption":3946,"layoutMode":118,"file":3947},{"id":3805},"Image","Pyramid of pain: Identity attacks edition","Applying the Pyramid of Pain concept to identity attacks.",{"url":3948,"width":3949,"height":3950},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/30YWVepOBUQeSVGynF251a/3821d6b78bf8cc2edac6770f587e1ed8/Frame_627569__10_.png",2815,1087,{"sys":3952,"__typename":3944,"title":3953,"caption":3954,"layoutMode":118,"file":3955},{"id":3922},"Telemetry comparison table","The browser presents a significant advantage over other sources of identity attack data.",{"url":3956,"width":3957,"height":3958},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4feAEpfP6tetyTjcLIopwG/5bec8c8c10e6e328ebe258bc59bc3cb6/Frame_627570__7_.png",2444,894,"content:blog:the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension.json","json","content","blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension.json","blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension",1776359988915]